{"id":3299,"date":"2024-08-01T08:09:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T06:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.di-camillo.com\/wastewater-treatment-stages-and-treatment-components-part-1\/"},"modified":"2024-10-10T10:46:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T08:46:27","slug":"wastewater-treatment-stages-and-treatment-components-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.di-camillo.com\/en\/wastewater-treatment-stages-and-treatment-components-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Wastewater purification: stages and treatment components (part 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Waste water<\/b>, or waste water, is one of the by-products of domestic, industrial or agricultural activities<\/b>, which often contains organic or inorganic substances that are harmful<\/b> both to the environment and to the health of humans and animals. For this reason they must be collected and treated, to be safely reintroduced into the environment.<\/p>\n

Pre-treatment phase<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Before entering a purification system<\/b>, wastewater may undergo a pre-treatment phase through a polyethylene grease trap<\/b><\/a> or oil separator<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

Grease separators<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"degrassatore<\/p>\n

The grease traps treat oils and fats coming from domestic or industrial kitchens<\/b><\/a>, separating them by gravitation<\/b>: the wastewater enters a stationary sedimentation chamber, where they slow down the flow speed, so that the suspended solids settle to the bottom, while the oils and fats ( lighter than water) float at the top of the tank.<\/p>\n

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Oil Separators<\/h3>\n

Gravitational oil separators<\/b>, on the other hand, are used in the treatment of water coming from squares and car parks<\/b><\/a> (where they are often associated with a sand trap), and separate the oils and hydrocarbons usually present in these areas from the water. There are different types<\/b>: corrugated, smooth<\/b> and coalescing filter oil separators,<\/b> each with specific characteristics to retain pollutants.<\/p>\n

Waste water lifting stations<\/h3>\n

At the end of the pre-treatment phases, the waste water that is not discharged<\/b> directly into the sewers or by underground dispersion may have to be raised to higher altitudes to reach subsequent refinement phases<\/b>. The waste water lifting stations<\/b><\/a> carry out this task, relaunching the clear, black or mixed water thanks to specific pumps, some equipped with a grinding impeller to reduce suspended solids, to collection basins positioned at different heights.<\/p>\n

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Primary treatment waste water<\/h2>\n

Septic tanks and imhoff tanks<\/h3>\n

The wastewater treatment and purification process begins with their collection in septic tanks<\/a> or imhoff tanks<\/a><\/b>. Both polyethylene systems are primary treatments for delivery into the sewer or underground dispersion for sub-irrigation<\/b>, and provide for the separation of solid waste from liquid waste<\/b>, with differences, however, in terms of use and effectiveness.<\/p>\n

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If both pits allow sedimentation of suspended solids, in the imhoff tanks the presence of two separate<\/b> but communicating compartments<\/b> (of sedimentation <\/b>and anaerobic digestion<\/b> of bacteria) allows for a greater reduction of the organic load<\/b>(of BOD5 and COD over 30% , as well as 50% of suspended solids<\/a>). However, the use of two-chamber<\/b> or even better three-chamber septic tanks<\/b> already allows a high level of purification to be achieved.<\/b><\/p>\n

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Wells (flushing, chlorinated, anti-reflux and dispensers)<\/h3>\n

\"pozzetto
\nAt the end of the primary wastewater treatment, a series of vertical wells<\/a> of different types are provided:<\/p>\n